diff --git a/include/sta/debug_serial.hpp b/include/sta/debug_serial.hpp
index 68cb77d..470bfed 100644
--- a/include/sta/debug_serial.hpp
+++ b/include/sta/debug_serial.hpp
@@ -3,15 +3,10 @@
  * @brief Debug output via UART.
  *
  * Configuration:
- *     STA_DEBUG_SERIAL_ENABLE:     Enable module
- *     STA_DEBUG_SERIAL_FORCE:      Ignore debug defines and always enable output
- *     DEBUG:                       Enables output when defined
- *     NDEBUG:                      Disables output when defined (overrides DEBUG)
- *
- * The `sta::DebugSerial` instance must be provided.
- * NOTE: Include this header before the definition because
- *       the default internal linkage of const namespace variables
- *       will cause undefined reference errors otherwise.
+ *     STA_DEBUG_SERIAL_UART:   UART interface for output
+ *     STA_DEBUG_SERIAL_FORCE:  Ignore debug defines and always enable output
+ *     DEBUG:                   Enables output when defined
+ *     NDEBUG:                  Disables output when defined (overrides DEBUG)
  */
 #ifndef STA_CORE_DEBUG_SERIAL_HPP
 #define STA_CORE_DEBUG_SERIAL_HPP
@@ -24,50 +19,51 @@
 
 #ifdef DOXYGEN
 /**
- * @def STA_DEBUG_SERIAL_ENABLE
- * @brief Enable module.
- *
- * Automatically defined if DEBUG is defined.
- * Automatically disabled if NDEBUG is defined.
+ * @def STA_DEBUG_SERIAL_UART
+ * @brief UART interface for debug output.
  *
  * @ingroup staCoreBuildConfig
  */
-#  define STA_DEBUG_SERIAL_ENABLE
+#  define STA_DEBUG_SERIAL_UART
 
 /**
- * @def STA_DEBUG_SERIAL_DISABLE
- * @brief Force disable module.
+ * @def STA_DEBUG_SERIAL_FORCE
+ * @brief Force enable module.
  *
- * Overrides STA_DEBUG_SERIAL_ENABLE option.
+ * Enables debug output even if NDEBUG is defined.
  *
  * @ingroup staCoreBuildConfig
  */
-#  define STA_DEBUG_SERIAL_DISABLE
+#  define STA_DEBUG_SERIAL_FORCE
 #endif // DOXYGEN
 
 
 #include <sta/config.hpp>
 
-#ifdef DEBUG
-#  ifndef STA_DEBUG_SERIAL_ENABLE
-#    define STA_DEBUG_SERIAL_ENABLE
-#  endif // !STA_DEBUG_SERIAL_ENABLE
-#endif // DEBUG
-
-#if defined(NDEBUG) || defined(STA_DEBUG_SERIAL_DISABLE)
-#  ifdef STA_DEBUG_SERIAL_ENABLE
-#    undef STA_DEBUG_SERIAL_ENABLE
-#  endif // STA_DEBUG_SERIAL_ENABLE
-#endif // NDEBUG || STA_DEBUG_SERIAL_DISABLE
+// Determine if module should be enabled
+// Condition 1: STA_DEBUG_SERIAL_UART is defined
+// Condition 2:
+//     STA_DEBUG_SERIAL_FORCE is defined
+//   or
+//     DEBUG is defined but not NDEBUG
+#ifdef STA_DEBUG_SERIAL_UART
+#  ifdef STA_DEBUG_SERIAL_FORCE
+#    define STA_DEBUG_SERIAL_ENABLED
+#  else // !STA_DEBUG_SERIAL_FORCE
+#    if defined(DEBUG) && !defined(NDEBUG)
+#      define STA_DEBUG_SERIAL_ENABLED
+#    endif // DEBUG && !NDEBUG
+#  endif // !STA_DEBUG_SERIAL_FORCE
+#endif // STA_DEBUG_SERIAL_UART
 
 
 // Show enabled module in doxygen output
 #ifdef DOXYGEN
-#  define STA_DEBUG_SERIAL_ENABLE
+#  define STA_DEBUG_SERIAL_ENABLED
 #endif // DOXYGEN
 
 
-#ifdef STA_DEBUG_SERIAL_ENABLE
+#ifdef STA_DEBUG_SERIAL_ENABLED
 
 #include <sta/printable_uart.hpp>
 
@@ -99,10 +95,10 @@ namespace sta
  * @ingroup staCoreDebug
  */
 #  define STA_DEBUG_PRINTLN(...)    sta::DebugSerial.println(__VA_ARGS__)
-#else // !STA_DEBUG_SERIAL_ENABLE
+#else // !STA_DEBUG_SERIAL_ENABLED
 #  define STA_DEBUG_PRINT(...)      ((void)0)
 #  define STA_DEBUG_PRINTLN(...)    ((void)0)
-#endif // !STA_DEBUG_SERIAL_ENABLE
+#endif // !STA_DEBUG_SERIAL_ENABLED
 
 
 #endif // STA_CORE_DEBUG_SERIAL_HPP
diff --git a/include/sta/stm32/uart.hpp b/include/sta/stm32/uart.hpp
index 45ab782..7669968 100644
--- a/include/sta/stm32/uart.hpp
+++ b/include/sta/stm32/uart.hpp
@@ -11,16 +11,6 @@
  * @brief STM32 UART module.
  */
 
-#ifdef DOXYGEN
-/**
- * @def STA_STM32_UART_DEBUG_SERIAL
- * @brief Create global sta::DebugSerial object using this HAL UART instance.
- *
- * @ingroup stm32BuildConfig
- */
-#  define STA_STM32_UART_DEBUG_SERIAL
-#endif // DOXYGEN
-
 
 // Only enable module on STM32 platform w/ HAL UART module enabled
 #include <sta/config.hpp>
diff --git a/src/debug_serial.cpp b/src/debug_serial.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..68bb98f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/debug_serial.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+#include <sta/debug_serial.hpp>
+#ifdef STA_DEBUG_SERIAL_ENABLED
+
+
+#ifdef STA_PLATFORM_STM32
+
+#include <sta/stm32/uart.hpp>
+
+#include <usart.h>
+
+// Set platform UART alias
+using PlatformUART = sta::STM32UART;
+
+#endif // STA_PLATFORM_STM32
+
+
+namespace
+{
+	// Create platform specific serial interface
+	PlatformUART platformDebugSerial(&STA_DEBUG_SERIAL_UART);
+}
+
+namespace sta
+{
+	// Create debug serial object using platform specific serial interface
+	PrintableUART DebugSerial(&platformDebugSerial);
+} // namespace sta
+
+
+#endif // STA_DEBUG_SERIAL_ENABLED
diff --git a/src/stm32/uart.cpp b/src/stm32/uart.cpp
index d530c7c..54d1eea 100644
--- a/src/stm32/uart.cpp
+++ b/src/stm32/uart.cpp
@@ -22,22 +22,4 @@ namespace sta
 } // namespace sta
 
 
-#ifdef STA_STM32_UART_DEBUG_SERIAL
-
-// Get extern declaration for DebugSerial because const namespace level variables have internal linkage by default
-#include <sta/debug_serial.hpp>
-
-#include <usart.h>
-
-namespace sta
-{
-	STM32UART gStm32DebugSerial(&STA_STM32_UART_DEBUG_SERIAL);
-
-	// Used by <sta/debug.hpp>
-	PrintableUART DebugSerial(&gStm32DebugSerial);
-} // namespace sta
-
-#endif // STA_STM32_UART_DEBUG_SERIAL
-
-
 #endif // STA_STM32_UART_ENABLED